clock

The clock signal (from the Celtic word and clocca Clogan, both meaning "bell"), which gradually supersedes "horologe", suggests that it was the sound of bells which also characterized the prototype mechanical clocks that appeared during the 13th century in Europe.
Engineer vocals Outside Europe had eels mechanism has been known and used in medieval China, as the Song Dynasty and watch (1020-1101) incorporated into his astronomical clock tower of Kaifeng in the 1088th [12] [page needed] However, his astronomical clock and rotating armillary sphere still relied on the use of flowing water (ie hydraulics), while European watchmaking following centuries shed this old method for efficient power, weight, except eels mechanism .
A mercury clock, described in the Libros saber, Spanish work from 1277 consisting of translations and paraphrases of Arabic works sometimes quoted as evidence for Muslim knowledge of a mechanical clock. The first power plant mercury PLC clock was invented by Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi [13] [14]
Between 1280 and 1320 there was an increase in the number of references to clocks in the church books, which probably indicates that a new type of clock mechanism has been developed. The clock mechanisms that used water power has been adapted to take their driving power from falling weights. This power was controlled by some form of oscillating mechanism, probably derived from existing bell or alarm mechanisms. This controlled release of power - the escapement - marks the beginning of the true mechanical clock.
These mechanical clocks were intended for two main purposes: for signaling and notification (eg the timing of services and public events), and for modeling the solar system. The primary purpose is administrative, these naturally arises, given the scientific interest in astronomy, science, astrology, and how these subjects integrated with the religious philosophy of the time. Astrolabe used both astronomers and astrologers, and it was natural to apply a hard clock rotating plate to produce a working model of the solar system.
Simple clocks intended mainly for notification were installed in towers, and did not always require faces or hands. Have announced the canonical hours or intervals between set times of prayer. Canonical hours of varying length as times of sunrise and sunset shifted. The more sophisticated astronomical clocks would have had moving ringing or hands, and would display the time in-time systems, including time, the canonical hours of the Italians and the time measured by astronomers at the time. Both styles clock started acquiring extravagant features such as automata.
In 1283, a large clock installed at Dunstable Priory, suggests its location above the partition that it was not a water clock [citation needed]. In 1292 Canterbury Cathedral installed a large clock. "Over the next 30 years are brief mentions of clocks at a number of ecclesiastical institutions in England, Italy and France. During 1322, a new clock installed in Norwich, an expensive replacement for an earlier clock installed in 1273. This had a large (2 meter) astronomical dial with automata and bells. installation costs including full-time job two clock keepers two years.